후보 약물군 | 약물종류 |
Antimotility drugs | loperamide |
Antisecretory Drugs | Racecadotril, Bismuth subsalicylate |
Adsorbent drugs | kaolin-pectin, attapulgite, activated charcoal, Diosmectite (DS) |
기타 | Probiotics, 진경제, 항생제(rifaximin) |
Cf. 소장염(Enteritis) vs. 대장염(Colitis): 둘 사이의 감별은 쉽지 않지만 다음에 근거하여 감별
age, diarrheal volumes, diarrheal features (mucus and blood in the stools are the hallmark of colon involvement), abdominal pain
Probiotics로 사용되는 미생물
Bacteria | Lactobacillus species | Bifidobacterium species | ||
L. acidophilus L. bulgaricus L. casei L. crispatus L. fermentum L. gasseri | L. johnsonii L. lactis L. plantarum L. reuteri L. rhamnosus GG | B. adolescentis B. animalis B. bifidum B. breve | B. infantis B. lactis B. longum
| |
Bacillus cereus Enterococcus faecalisa Enterococcus faeciuma | Escherichia coli Nissle Streptococcus thermophilus | |||
Yeast | Saccharomyces boulardii |
|
|
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Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb)의 다양한 기전
Probiotic 용량
적응증 | Probiotic | 추천 용량 |
Acute infectious diarrhea in infants and children | Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) | At least 1010 CFU in 250 mL of oral rehydration solution; 1010-1011 CFU twice daily for 2-5 days |
Lactobacillus reuteri | 1010-1011 CFU daily up to 5 days | |
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
| Saccharomyces boulardii | 4 × 109 - 2 × 1010 CFU daily for 1-4 wk |
LGG | 6 × 109 - 4 × 1010 CFU daily for 1-2 wk | |
Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus | 2 × 109 CFU daily for 5-10 days | |
L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum | 5 × 109 CFU daily for 7 days | |
L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis | 1 × 1011 CFU daily for 21 days | |
Clostridium difficile infection | S. boulardii | 2 × 1010 CFU (1 g) daily for 4 wk plus vancomycin and/or metronidazole |
Travelers' diarrhea | LGG | 2 × 109 bacteria daily starting 2 days before departure and continued throughout trip |
S. boulardii | 5 × 109 - 2 × 1010 CFU daily starting 5 days before departure and continued throughout trip | |
Irritable bowel syndrome | VSL#3 | 9 × 1011 CFU daily for 8 wk |
Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 | 105 - 1010 CFU daily for 4 wk | |
LGG and other organisms | 8 - 9 × 109 CFU daily for 6 mo | |
Ulcerative colitis (UC) | Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 | Active UC: 5 × 1010 bacteria twice daily until remission (maximum of 12 wk), followed by 5 × 1010 bacteria daily for a maximum of 12 mo; inactive UC: 5 × 1010 bacteria daily (study duration was 12 wk) |
S. boulardii | Active UC: 250 mg 3 times daily for 4 wk plus mesalamine | |
VSL#3 | Active UC: 1.8 × 1012 bacteria (two 3-g sachets) twice daily for 6 wk plus conventional therapy | |
Crohn's disease | S. boulardii | Maintenance therapy: 1 g daily for 6 mo plus mesalamine |
Pouchitis | VSL#3 | Maintenance therapy: 1.8 × 1012 bacteria daily, given as 3-g sachets twice daily (study duration was 9 mo), maintenance therapy: 1.8 × 1012 bacteria daily, given as two 3-g sachets once daily (study duration was 12 mo) |
Atopic disease prevention | LGG | 1010 CFU daily for 2-4 wk before expected delivery in pregnant women, followed by infant administration for 6 mo |
Vulvovaginal candidiasis | LGG | 109 bacteria per suppository inserted twice daily for 7 days |
L. rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus fermentum RC-14 | At least 109 bacteria suspended in skim milk given orally twice daily for 14 days | |
L. acidophilus | 8 oz yogurt containing ≥108 CFU/mL ingested daily for 6 mo |
참고자료