전립샘암은 주로 말초구역에서 발생하기 때문에 직장손가락검사에서 잘 만져집니다.
혈청 PSA가 올라간다고 모두 전립샘암은 아닙니다. 그래서 PSA 가 올라갔을 때, 전립샘암과 다른 질환을 감별해 불필요한 전립샘 바늘생검을 줄이기 위하여 PSA의 나이보정참조범위, PSA밀도, PSA속도, free PSA 검사법 등을 이용합니다.
PSA의 증가속도가 0.75 ng/ml/y 이상인 환자의 경우에는 혈청 PSA치가 정상 범위라 하더라도 암을 가지고 있을 가능성이 높은 것으로 알려져 있습니다.
Primary Tumor(T) Clinical | |
TX | Primary tumor cannot be assessed |
T0 | No evidence of primary tumor |
T1 | Clinically inapparent tumor neither palpable nor visible by imaging |
T1a | Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected |
T1b | Tumor incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected |
T1c | Tumor identified by needle biopsy (e.g., because of elevated PSA) |
T2 | Tumor confined within prostate |
T2a | Tumor involves one-half of one lobe or less |
T2b | Tumor involves more than one-half of one lobe but not both lobes |
T2c | Tumor involves both lobes |
T3 | Tumor extends through the prostatic capsule |
T3a | Extracapsular extension (unilateral or bilateral) |
T3b | Tumor invades the seminal vesicle(s) |
T4 | Tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures otherthan seminal vesicles: bladder, levater muscles, and/or pelvic wall. |
Regional Lymph Nodes (N) Clinical | |
NX | Regional lymph nodes were not assessed |
N0 | No regional lymph node metastasis |
N1 | metastasis in regional lymph node(s) |
Pathologic | |
PNX | Regional nodes not sampled |
pN0 | No positive regional nodes |
pN1 | Metastases inregional nodes(s) |
Distant Metastasis (M) | |
M0 | No distant metastasis |
M1 | Distant metastasis |
M1a | Non-regional lymph nodes(s) |
M1b | Bone(s) |
M1c | Other site(s) with or without bone disease |
ANATOMIC STAGE/PROGNOSTIC GROUPS
Group | T | N | M | PSA | Gleason |
I | T1a-c | N0 | M0 | PSA <10 | Gleason ≤6 |
T2a | N0 | M0 | PSA <10 | Gleason ≤6 | |
T1-2a | N0 | M0 | PSA X | Gleason X | |
llA | T1a-c | N0 | M0 | PSA<20 | Gleason 7 |
T1a-c | N0 | M0 | PSA ⪴10 <20 | Gleason ≤6 | |
T2a | N0 | M0 | PSA <20 | Gleason ≤7 | |
T2b | N0 | M0 | PSA <20 | Gleason ≤7 | |
T2b | N0 | M0 | PSA X | Gleason X | |
llB | T2c | N0 | M0 | Any PSA | Any Gleason |
T1-2 | N0 | M0 | PSA ⪴20 | Any Gleason | |
T1-2 | N0 | M0 | Any PSA | Gleason≥8 | |
III | T3a-b | N0 | M0 | Any PSA | Any Gleason |
IV | T4 | N0 | M0 | Any PSA | Any Gleason |
Any T | N0 | M0 | Any PSA | Any Gleason | |
Any T | Any N | M1 | Any PSA | Any Gleason |
Gleason X | Gleason score cannot be processed |
Gleason ≤6 | Well differentiated (slight anaplasia) |
Gleason 7 | Moderately differentiated (moderate aalpasia) |
Gleason 8~10 | Poorly differentiated/undifferentiated (marked anaplasia) |
참고자료